

SS-20 was the intermediate between SS-02 and SS-31. SS-20 decreased affinity for the μ receptor by 450-fold, while SS-31 decreased affinity by 2,000-fold… virtually ZERO opioid activity despite extremely high doses in mouse studies!. But back to the mitochondria — why is SS-31 such a phenomenal discovery in the world of mitochondrial …







SS-31 (also known as Bendavia, Elamipretide, and MTP-131) is a small peptide (D-Arg Dimethyl-Tyr-Lys-Phe-NH2) that accumulates in mitochondria and scavenges reactive oxygen species. SS31 binds to cardiolipin, a lipid exclusively expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane that plays an important structural role in organizing the …



SS-31, also known by its trade name Bendavia, is a synthetic peptide that belongs to a class of compounds called mitochondria-targeted peptides. It is designed to specifically target and protect mitochondria, which are the powerhouse of cells responsible for generating energy. SS-31 has gained attention for its potential in addressing ...



Combined with a 6 W to 40 W speed control motor, speed control, instant stop, slow start / slow down (-SSSD type) are possible. Combined with a 60 W high output speed control motor, speed control, instant stop, slow start / slow down (-SSSD type) are possible. The product image is a representative image.



(NOTE: If you aren't familiar with why mitochondrial health is important and all the things you can do to optimize it, read this article firstbefore continuing) SS-31 (a.k.a. Elampretide, Bendavia, MPT-141)is a synthetic tetrapeptide (i.e. 4 amino acids long) that was discovered by scientists Hazel H. Szeto and Peter W. Schille…



HYPOTHESIS. Retinal ganglion cells require high energy. They rely on the mitochondria for survival and function. Pre-existing congenital or acquired mitochondrial dysfunction can increase the vulnerability of RGCs to stress from risk factors [].Alterations in the functional status of RGCs axon mitochondria will influence RGCs survival in glaucoma [].



Cell viability assay. To determine the viability of the cells subsequent to oxidative stress, the 661W cells were seeded into 96-well plates and treated with t-BHP (25, 50, 100, 200 or 400 µM), with or without SS31 (10, 100 nM or 1 µM) for 24 h, rinsed once in PBS, then incubated with serum-free DMEM containing 0.25 mg/ml MTT (Sigma …

















By this mechanism, SS31 may have directly reduced sepsis-induced diaphragm damage in the current study. SS31 has, however, additional effects to reduce cytokine levels, inflammatory signaling pathways, mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion), and apoptotic pathway activation (24, 50). It is also possible, therefore, that …



This work aims at investigating the protective effects of the mitochondria-targeted peptide SS31, on mitochondria function, preventing human retinal pigment epithelial cell-19 (ARPE-19) cell apoptosis. The ARPE-19 cells were subjected to 24 h of intervention with H 2 O 2 of various concentrations (0, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 500 …





SS31, and plasma and brain levels in wild-type (WT) mice. To determine whether SS31 crosses the blood brain barrier and reaches mitochondria, using intraperitoneal injections we administered SS31 (5 mg/kg body weight) twice a week for 6 weeks in a 12-month-old C57BL6 mice (n = 6).PBS-treated WT mice (n = 5) served as …




















